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From The Authoritative Land Management System To The Federal Land Governance System
A Commentary by Si Thu (Land in Our Hands)
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 Photo credit Tom Kramer
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When we say “from the authoritative land management system to the federal land governance system,” the origin of land governance in Myanmar was not actually derived from the authoritative land management system. People had elected their own Saopha, Duwa, Saophya, Saoke and Taung Paing Ram Oak who were chieftains inside their own sovereign territories and had been ruling based on their own customs and traditions passed down from generations until being colonized by the British Colonial government. Like different land management systems across the world, land management systems varied in different territories.
On February 12 of 1947, General Aung San representing Burma Proper, signed the historic Panglong agreement with Kachin, Chin and Shan leaders from Federated Shan States, Kachin Hill Tracts and Chin Hill District, to establishing a Federal Union that guarantees for equal self-determination after independence and then to build a whole new nation state. At present, even though the Burmese government has declared its commitment to moving toward a federal union that guarantees equality and self-determination based on the Panglong Spirit by signing NCA and holding a 21st Century Peace conference, they keep manufacturing land policies and laws that contradict historic Panglong Commitments. It is the key root cause of political grievance and challenge in transforming authoritative land management system towards federal land management regime in Myanmar.
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These commentaries are intended to contribute to a broader understanding to the many challenges facing the country and its peoples.
See the complete list of all the Myanmar commentaries.
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အာဏာရွင္ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈမွ ဖက္ဒရယ္ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈဆီသို႔
စည္သူ (ဒို႔ေျမကြန္ရက္)
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Photo credit: Tom Kramer
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အာဏာရွင္ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈမွ ဖက္ဒရယ္ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈဆီသို႔ဟုေျပာလိုက္လၽွင္ ျမန္မာျပည္၏ ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈ မူလအစသည္ အာဏာရွင္ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈမွ လာခဲ့ျခင္း မဟုတ္ေပ။ အဂၤလိပ္ကိုလိုနီေခတ္မတိုင္မီက ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံထဲတြင္ ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ၾကသည့္ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြက ေစာ္ဘြား၊ ဒူးဝါး၊ ေစာဖ်ာ၊ ေစာ္ကဲ၊ ေတာင္ပိုင္ရမ္ အုပ္မင္းေတြတင္ေျမႇာက္ၿပီး ကိုယ့္တိုင္းျပည္၊ ကိုယ့္အေဆာင္ အေယာင္မ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးျဖင့္ သီးျခားအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္လာခဲ့ၾကျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ယေန႔ကမၻာေပၚရွိ နိုင္ငံမ်ားနည္းတူ ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈပုံစံမ်ားသည္ တစ္ေနရာႏွင့္တစ္ေနရာ မတူညီၾကေပ။
၁၉၄၇ ခုနစ္တြင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္းႏွင့္ ခ်င္း၊ ကခ်င္၊ ရွမ္းတိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ားသည္ သီးျခားစီတည္ရွိေနသည့္ ဗမာျပည္မ (Burma Proper) နယ္ေျမ၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုရွမ္းျပည္ (Federal Shan States) နယ္ေျမ၊ ကခ်င္ေတာင္တန္းေဒသ (The Kachin Hill Tracts) နယ္ေျမႏွင့္ ခ်င္းေတာင္တန္းေဒသ (The Chin Hill District) နယ္ေၿမ စသည့္နယ္ေၿမ (၄) ခုကို ကိုယ္စားျပဳၿပီး အဂၤလိပ္ လက္ေအာက္ကေန တစ္ၿပိဳင္နက္လြတ္လပ္ေရးရယူရန္ႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္ေရးရၿပီးပါက အမ်ိဳးသားတန္းတူရည္တူကိုယ္ပိုင္ျပဌာန္းခြင့္ရွိသည့္ ဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုနိုင္ငံ တည္ေထာင္ရန္ သံႏၷိဌာန္ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့ၿပီး ၁၉၄၇ ခုနစ္ ေဖေဖာ္ဝါလ (၁၂) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ပင္လုံစာခ်ဳပ္ကို ခ်ဳပ္ဆိုခဲ့ပါသည္။ ယေန႔ကာလမွာပင္လၽွင္ ပင္လုံစိတ္ဓာတ္ ျဖင့္ ခ်ီတက္ရန္ေႂကြးေၾကာ္ေနခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း အမ်ိဳးသားတန္းတူရည္တူ ကိုယ္ပိုင္ ျပဌာန္းထားခြင့္ရွိ သည့္ ဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုနိုင္ငံတည္ေထာင္ဖို႔ သံႏၷိဌာန္ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့သည့္ ပင္လုံစိတ္ဓာတ္ႏွင့္ ဆန႔္က်င္ေနသည့္ ေျမယာမူဝါဒမ်ား၊ ေျမယာဥပေဒမ်ား တရစပ္ထြက္ရွိ ေနျခင္းဟာျဖင့္ အာဏာရွင္ ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈမွ ဖက္ဒရယ္ေျမယာစီမံခန႔္ခြဲမႈဆီသို႔ အမွန္တကယ္ ခ်ီတက္ရာတြင္ ႀကီးမားၿပီးအေရးပါသည့္ နိုင္ငံေရးျပႆနာ ျဖစ္ေနပါေၾကာင္း တင္ျပလိုက္ရပါသည္။
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