Subject: The Saturday Economist ... Friday Forward Guidance ... 😀

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                                                                                                     Friday 4th March 2022
Hi Friend,
Friday Forward Guidance ...
The Saturday Economist Friday Forward Guidance ...
This is our Friday Forward Guidance for Friday 4th March. Every week we update our scenario forecasts for base rates in the U.S. UK and Europe over a three year period. We also include our expectations for inflation, as an input to the central bank reaction function, in the Saturday Economist updates.

Our forecasts are unchanged this week. We expect base rates in the U.S. and the U.K. to rise to 1.50% by the end of the year increasing to at least 1.75% to 2.00% in 2023.

Markets are mixed on the impact of the war in the Ukraine. Higher inflation and lower growth will ensue. The question is how will central banks react. This week, the Bank of Canada increased base rates by 25 basis points to 0.50%, in a move to get ahead of rising inflation. Fed Chair, Jerome Powell offered further insight. Speaking before the House and Senate committees he said "The Russia - Ukraine war has added uncertainty into the outlook but we still see interest rates coming in a series of quarter percentage point increases".

U.S. ten year yields slipped, trading at 1.78% this morning. UK ten year bond yields also moved lower trading at 1.28. It's a flight to safety as the challenges of war unfold. We still expect the big U.S. move once the Fed purchases end in March. 2.00 and 1.50 our short term target U.S., U.K split with a 50 point spread.

Equities were in the red this week. Commodity prices soared. Oil trades at $110 Brent Crude, Sterling moved lower against the Dollar at $1.3313. Don't miss The Saturday Economist out tomorrow. We try to make sense of the madness in Ukraine.

Don't miss Our Monday Morning Markets, out on Monday. We reckon US markets remain some 7% over extended ... European stocks and Asian markets look over sold ...

This week, David Malpass, president of the World Bank Group and Krista Lina Georgieva, IMF managing director, said they were “deeply shocked and saddened” by the war and “stand with the Ukrainian people through these horrifying developments”.

Andrey Kortunov, foreign policy analyst and adviser to the Kremlin said "I am depressed, I think many of us are depressed" as events unfold in Ukraine.

Personally, I feel shocked and saddened and depressed. "It's like watching a 1930s news clip". The annexation of a sovereign state, millions of refugees fleeing across Europe, a dictator unchallenged at home, the west prepares for war ...
Fed Funds Rate ...
Markets now expect a 25 - 50 point move in March. JP Morgan economists think the Federal Reserve is likely to raise interest rates by 25 basis points in nine consecutive meetings in a bit to tamp down inflation.

Fed Governor Christopher Wallace laid out the case for a 50 point move in March. We model the 50 point hike next month, with four further increases through to the end of the year. closing at 1.50%, rising to 2.50% by the end of 2025. This is our "We are leaving Planet ZIRP" scenario. Grab a ticket for the flight, don't forget the cancellation insurance.
Fed Funds Rate                                 2021          2022         2023          2024          2025    Long Run Rate
Q4                                                       0.10%        1.50%       1.75%       2.00%        2.50%        3.50%
Bank Base Rate...
Michael Saunders was speaking at the University of East Anglia this week. The external member of the MPC focused on the economic outlook and monetary policy. Saunders had voted for a 50 base point increase in the February meeting. He didn't give much away.

Inflation is expected to peak somewhat higher than the 7% envisaged at that time.

It seems clear rates will rise by a further 25 point move in March. Some expect a 50 point move. This would be at odds with the Governor's slow and steady approach. We expect rates to end the year at 1.50% and 1.75% to 2.00% in 2023.

Ten year gilts trade at 1.288 this morning for near 20 point loss. Next the return to 1.50 and the test of 2.00. Sterling trades against the Dollar at $1.3313 this morning. Tad over done! 

We assume the pattern of rate hikes, will close at 1.50% in the final quarter this year. We expect more to follow in 2023, pushing to 1.75% to 2.00% at close. It could be higher. The MPC is committed to the great escape from Planet ZIRP.
Bank Base Rate                                2021          2022         2023          2024          2025    Long Run Rate
Q4                                                      0.25%        1.50%         1.75%        2.00%        2.50%          3.50%
Euro Base Rate...
No real change here. Inflation in the Euro Zone hit 5.8% in February up from 5.1% in January. Christine Lagarde, President of the EU Central Bank still suggests European rates could stay on hold through 2022. Inflation in Europe, is expected to fall to 2% by end of year.
As if ...

Lagarde warns, "raising interest rates would not solve any of the current problems, if we act too hastily now, the recovery of our economies could be considerably weaker and jobs could be jeopardized."

The Euro trades at $1.0992 against the Dollar, down from $1.1240 last week. If our expectations for US and UK rates hold, we would  Euro rates could close at 0.25% by the end of 2022 at least, to avoid significant pressure on the Euro. It could well be higher closing at 0.50%. The ECB cannot appear be too far out of step, despite problems in the east.
ECB Base Rate                                 2021          2022         2023          2024          2025    Long Run Rate
Q4                                                      0.00%        0.25%       0.50%       0.75%        2.50%       3.50%
Scenario Comparisons ...
This is the table of scenario comparisons. We would expect UK rates to lag not lead the US pattern. EU rates would follow the US/UK lead. Inflation may subside sooner than expected. Central banks may worry about the shock to growth. The escape from Planet ZIRP could be aborted. This is a scenario not the plan.

Our modified Taylor rule suggests the UK central bank is behind the curve on rate hikes. In our modified Taylor rule we model base rates as a function of inflation variance from target and the output gap relative to trend growth.

We model the long run rate at 3.50%. The Fed Blue dot projections assume 2.50% as the perceived long run rate. In the UK, prior to the Great Financial Crash [2000 - 2008] the average inflation rate was 2.0%, the average UK bank rate was 4.50%. Ten year bond yields averaged 4.50%. Some way to go yet!
That's all for this week's Friday Forward Guidance. Don't miss the Saturday Economist Out Tomorrow ... and our Monday Morning Markets out on Monday ...

"To understand the markets, you have to understand the economics"

John
© 2022 John Ashcroft, Economics, Strategy and Financial Markets, experience worth sharing.
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