Abbreviations
Picture credit: Singapore English (2007) by David Deterding
Singaporeans love abbreviations, or 'short-forms'. Foreigners frequently comment on the sheer number of the abbreviations that we have and somehow all seem to have memorised.
Did you know that not all abbreviations are equal? There are several categories of abbreviations, three of which are more common in Singapore. Let's explore the three in order.
Clippings
Clippings simply refer to 'clipped', or truncated, words. This more often occurs with longer words that we tend to shorten in speech.
The clipped part may be from the back of the word, like in 'exam(ination)', 'ad(vertisement)', or 'pop(ular) music'. It can also be from the middle, like 'spec(tacle)s' or 'math(ematic)s'. There are also clipped words that omit all but the middle, such as '(in)flu(enza)' and '(re)frige(rator)'.
A uniquely Singaporean example of clipping is 'sabo', which comes from the word 'sabotage'.
Acronyms vs Initialisms
Acronyms and initialisms have the same starting point: when an initial letter from each word is taken and combined. This way, a longer phrase can be shortened very quickly.
These two types of abbreviation have a 'pseudo' (fake) counterpart, called a pseudo-acronym, which happens when the letters don't actually stand for anything. Case in point: while the once-ubiquitous instant messaging platform ICQ may look like an acronym, it is merely a play on the words "I seek you".
Acronyms and initialisms are different in that acronyms are read like an actual word, while reading out an initialism means pronouncing individual letters.
For instance, 'ASEAN' is an acronym; it is read as 'ah-sean', not 'A-S-E-A-N'. On the other hand, 'UK' (United Kingdom) is an initialism.
Acronyms are less common than initialisms in Singaporean parlance. Examples of acronyms are 'SOTA' (School of the Arts) and 'MINDEF' (Ministry of Defence').
Meanwhile, the list of initialisms is far too long to list! Everyday examples include 'HDB', 'CCA', 'PIE' and more.
Test Yourself Are these words abbreviations or not? If they are abbreviations, what kind are they?
Q1. A*STAR Q2. condo Q3. MOE Q4. laser Q5. IOU Q6. USA Q7. LOL Q8. aircon Q9. radar Q10. BBQ Answers
A1. acronym (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) A2. clipping (condominium) A3. initialism (Ministry of Education) A4. acronym (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) A5. pseudo-acronym. It comes from the pronunciation of "I owe you". A6. initialism (United States of America) A7. initialism or acronym, depending on how you say it! (laugh out loud) A8. clipping (air-conditioner) A9. acronym (radio detection and ranging) A10. pseudo-acronym. It comes from the pronunciation of "barbeque". |